Revealing the Inside of Rechargeable Batteries: How Deep Can We Go by In-Situ Electron Microscopy?

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Chemistry



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Driven by global concerns on the consumption of non-renewable fossil fuels and the negative impact of greenhouse gas emission, a world effort has been put into the development of renewable energy technologies. Rechargeable batteries and related material research are playing an important role in enabling the renewable energy technology deployments. Next generation rechargeable batteries are required to have higher energy density compared to the state-of-art battery. However, the pursuit of high-energy-density energy storage systems requires careful examination of the coupling between mechanics, electrochemistry, thermodynamics, and mass transport in batteries, which has created the need for novel experimental techniques that can provide real-time information on the dynamic chemical changes and structure evolutions inside the electrode during battery operation. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has been proven to be a particularly powerful tool to reveal important features of electrochemical reaction inside rechargeable batteries. [1,2] In this talk, I will present our recent progress [3,4] on the development of in situ TEM capabilities for probing morphology evolution, structure and chemical changes of electrode materials for rechargeable batteries (Li-ion batteries and Na-ion batteries). In particular, atomic-scale details of real time ion transport inside electrode will be shown in my presentation.

[1] Huang, J. Y.; Zhong, L.; Wang, C. M.; Sullivan, J. P.; Xu, W.; Zhang, L. Q.; Mao, S. X.; Hudak, N. S.; Liu, X. H.; Subramanian, A. Science 2010, 330, 1515-1520.
[2] Wang, C. M.; Xu, W.; Liu, J.; Choi, D.; Arey, B.; Saraf, L. V.; Zhang, J.; Yang, Z.; Thevuthasan, S.; Baer, D. R. J. Mater. Res. 2010, 25, 1541-1547.
[3] Nie, A.; Cheng, Y.; Zhu, Y.; Asayesh-Ardakani, H.; Tao, R.; Mashayek, F.; Han, Y.; Schwingenschlögl, U.; Klie, R. F.; Vaddiraju, S.; Shahbazian-Yassar, Reza. Nano Letters 2014, 14, 5301-5307.
[4] Nie, A.; Gan, L.-Y.; Cheng, Y.; Asayesh-Ardakani, H.; Li, Q.; Dong, C.; Tao, R.; Mashayek, F.; Wang, H.-T.; Schwingenschlögl, U., Klie, R. F.; Shahbazian-Yassar, R. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 6203-6211.
[5] Gao, Q.; Gu, M.; Nie, A.; Mashayek, F.; Wang, C.; Odegard, G. M.; Shahbazian- Yassar, R. Chemistry of Materials 2014, 26, 1660-1669.

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